✍ The Coding Panel: creating factors and links

The Coding Panel: creating factors and links

Qualitative causal mapping involves taking passages of text, e.g. from interviews or documents, and identifying sections which make causal claims. We highlight each of these sections and specify a causal factor at each end of each link (for example Lost job or Went hungry). This means creating a new factor or reusing an existing one. Usually we create these factors inductively as we code, and revise and review and consolidate them as part of the process, as with any other kind of qualitative content analysis.

When you are coding you can use the Statements Filters to display one or more statements to code.

Normally when you code, you should switch off the Transforms filters.

Creating links in the app

To code a causal link,

With your mouse, highlight a piece of text within the statement which makes a causal claim. Your selection must remain within one statement and must not cross into another statement.

Watch how that passage is copied for you into the “Quote” window below. (Usually, you don’t need to think about this window: you can edit the text if you really need to but it has to remain an exact quote of one part of the text.)

Start to type the name of the influence factors at the start of the link(s) which you are going to make, in the first drop-down menu.

If there is an existing factor which matches what you want, you can select it.

Otherwise, you will create a new factor with the contents of what you have typed; finish what you have typed with a comma or a tab character if you want to continue to select or create another factor.

If you want to create more than one link, you can select or create additional factors in the same box (as shown in the video below).

When you have finished, press Enter.

Repeat the process in the other box to specify the factors at the end of the link (or ends of the links).

Press the green Save button which is now active.

The link is created in the Map window, colour-coded with the quote which is now highlighted on the left. If you mouse over the highlighted quote, the link in the map is activated.

When you have finished coding one statement, click the right arrow in the statement navigator to code the next statement.

About the factor label dropdown menus

By creating links, you also create the names of your factors.

In Causal Map, a factor is its label. Once you create a label, there is nothing else to add.

Factor names which contain semicolons ; get special treatment as they separate the different parts of

🔖 Hierarchical factors .

After beginning to create links between factors, already-coded factors will appear in the dropdown menus in the to and from factor boxes. For added convenience. The most frequently coded factors will appear at the top of this list

Chaining

Chaining links is easily done and useful when you have statement where one consequence leads to another, which leads to a third, and so on.

If you see a quote like "Long quote" and want to create a chain of links (for instance, b --> c and c --> d), start by highlighting the quote. Enter b in the influence field and c in the consequence field.

Turn the chain toggle on (at the bottom of the editing link dialog), then press save

The dialog stays open, the quote stays the same and c appears as influence. Then just add d as consequence, leave the Chain toggle off (as you are now at the end of the chain) and press Save. If your chain is longer, switch the Chain toggle on again, rinse and repeat.

This works (as usual) also with multiple influence and/or consequence factors.

You can also use the chain button located at the top of the dialog for chaining links. This is simpler: all it does is automatically transfer the value of the previous consequence into the influence field for the next link in the chain. It does not also provide the quote.

Opposites in the app

The app makes it easy to code opposites; while coding, when you have loaded any factor into either of the boxes, pressing the “flip” button above will flip the factor into its opposite.

➕➖ Opposites

✨ Filters: Combine opposites

Also the app enforces no space after tilde. So ~ Income will be converted to ~Income.

Coding large sections of text

“I’m just starting with Causal Map and I’ve just heard that you can’t highlight a section of text which is larger than one statement. But in my work, I might often get a complicated causal claim where for example the details of an intervention are set out in statement 22 but the effects of it don’t appear until statement 25. What should I do?

Actually we’d be surprised if you needed to do that. The point is that in Causal Map, you don’t code causes then effects. You code entire causal claims. It’s true that the best description of some cause might be in statement 22, whereas the effect is not mentioned until statement 25:

Statement 22: So we implemented Intervention X, which consists of seven modules and ....

Statement 25: Thanks to Intervention X, my puppy is now happy and healthy

Causal claims are normally contained within just one or at most two contiguous sentences. So in this case for example, you can happily highlight just the last part of Statement 25 and make the link Intervention X >> Puppy is happy and healthy

Occasionally you might want to include more information about the influence or consequence factor which is not actually spelt out in the text. In this case we recommend using [square brackets] in the quote to add the source of that additional information. See

📝 Ellipses .

The Coding Panel: creating factors and links Creating links in the app About the factor label dropdown menus Chaining Opposites in the app Coding large sections of text